STM32F303RDT6 - Accessing GPIO pins

Embedded Security Side Channel Power Analysis
1

I am currently working on a side-channel project that involves using a button on the STM32F303RDT6 processor via the GPIO functions. Based on a previous post here, I am looking to find where I can access the GPIO pins. I have a rev03 board and the schematic says that the GPIO pins are PA9, PA10, PA11, and PA12. However, when I try to use them nothing is being read for an input and nothing is being outputted either. It’s claimed that the GPIO functions can be accessed through the HAL but, I can’t seem to be able to. Any information about the specific addressing or HAL instructions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

2

Hi,

Can you post the code that you’re using to access the pins?

3

Yes!
"` /* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/*Melanie Griffith
/*STM32F Target Board for ChipWhisperer CW308 UFO Board
*This is a simple program that lights up an LED if a button is pressed.
*I built this program to test if I could light up 1 button without directly
writing to the registers. This program does not currently work. /
/

  • @ file : main.c
  • @ brief : Main program body
  • @ attention
  • Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  • All rights reserved.
  • This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  • in the root directory of this software component.
  • If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.

/
/ USER CODE END Header /
/ Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include “main.h”

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN PD /
/ USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/ USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------/
/ USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**

  • @ brief The application entry point.
  • @ retval int
    /
    int main(void)
    {
    /     USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

/* USER CODE END 1 */

/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();

/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

/* USER CODE END Init */

/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();

/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

/* USER CODE END SysInit */

/* Initialize all configured peripherals /
MX_GPIO_Init();
/ USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

/* USER CODE END 2 */

/* Infinite loop /
/ USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_11) == 1){
HAL_Delay(500);
}
if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_11) == 1){
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_SET);
} else{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}

/* USER CODE END WHILE */

/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */

}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**

  • @brief System Clock Configuration
  • @retval None
    */
    void SystemClock_Config(void)
    {
    RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
    RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters

  • in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
    */
    RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
    if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
    {
    Error_Handler();
    }

/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}

/**

  • @ brief GPIO Initialization Function
  • @ param None
  • @ retval None
    */
    static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
    {
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();

/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

/*Configure GPIO pin : PA12 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_12;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

/*Configure GPIO pins : PA11 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_11;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**

  • @ brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  • @ retval None
    /
    void Error_Handler(void)
    {
    /     USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug /
    /     User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state /
    __disable_irq();
    while (1)
    {
    }
    /     USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
    }

#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**

  • @ brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  •     where the assert_param error has occurred.
  • @ param file: pointer to the source file name
  • @ param line: assert_param error line source number
  • @ retval None
    */
    void assert_failed(uint8_t file, uint32_t line)
    {
    /     USER CODE BEGIN 6 /
    /     User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
    ex: printf(“Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n”, file, line) /
    /     USER CODE END 6 /
    }
    #endif /     USE_FULL_ASSERT */
    `"
4

Hi,

I assume

/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();

/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

/*Configure GPIO pin : PA12 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_12;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

/*Configure GPIO pins : PA11 */
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_11;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

is what you’re using to setup the pins and that you’re using

while (1)
{
if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_11) == 1){
HAL_Delay(500);
}
if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_11) == 1){
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_SET);
} else{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
}

to read/write from the pins. I think that should work, though I don’t recommend using those pins, as they’re also used by the ChipWhisperer, so you might run into some conflicts there.

You may want to try using the LED pins as outputs instead.

Have you confirmed that both pins are/aren’t what you expect? Also can you confirm that your code is making it to that section?

BTW, you can use three backticks (the C is there for C syntax highlighting)
```C
CODE
```

for multiline formatted text.

Alex

5

Hey Alex!
Thank you for the advice! Switching to the LED pins and using them as inputs did exactly what I wanted. I am going to post the code that worked for me down below as well for others that also ran into this problem. Also thank you for the formatting suggestion I didn’t know that was how you notated multiline code.

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/*Melanie Griffith
/*STM32F Target Board for ChipWhisperer CW308 UFO Board
*This is a simple program that lights up an LED if a button is pressed.
*I built this program to test if I could light up 1 button without directly
*writing to the registers. This program does not currently work. */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */



  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */


  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {

  if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_13 || GPIO_PIN_14 || GPIO_PIN_15) == 1){
  HAL_Delay(500);
  }
  if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_13 || GPIO_PIN_14 || GPIO_PIN_15) == 1){
	  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_SET);
  } else{
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
  }


    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */

}
/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/**
  * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_12, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

  /*Configure GPIO pin : PA12 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_12;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);


  /*Configure GPIO pin : LED2 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_14;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pin: LED3 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_13;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /*Configure GPIO pin: LED1 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_15;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
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